In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Apx001a/Apx001 Against Candida
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that has been responsible for invasive infections associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Animal Models to Investigate Fungal Biofilm Formation
Microbial biofilms play an essential role in several infectious diseases and are defined as extensive communities of sessile organisms irreversibly associated with a surface, encased within a polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), and exhibiting enhanced resistance to antimicrobial drugs.
A Rabbit Model for Evaluation of Catheter-associated Fungal Biofilms
Most cases of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) involve colonization of micro-organisms on catheter surfaces where they eventually become embedded in a biofilm.
Efficacy of Terbinafine Compared to Lanoconazole and Luliconazole in the Topical Treatment of Dermatophytosis in a Guinea Pig Model
The in vivo efficacy of terbinafine was compared to lanoconazole and luliconazole in the topical treatment of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes using a guinea pig model.
A Murine Model of Contact Lens-associated Fusarium Keratitis
Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were the causative organisms of the 2005/2006 outbreak of contact lens-associated fungal keratitis in the United States. The present study was an investigation of the ability of F. oxysporum grown as a biofilm on silicone hydrogel contact lenses to induce keratitis.
In Vitro Growth and Analysis of Candida Biofilms
Evaluation of fungal biofilm formation can be performed using several techniques. In this protocol, we describe methods used to form Candida biofilms on three different medical device substrates (denture strips, catheter disks and contact lenses) to quantify them and to evaluate their architecture and drug susceptibility.
Fusarium and Candida Albicans Biofilms on Soft Contact Lenses: Model Development, Influence of Lens Type, and Susceptibility to Lens Care Solutions
Fungal keratitis is commonly caused by Fusarium species and less commonly by Candida species. Recent outbreaks of Fusarium keratitis were associated with contact lens wear and with ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens care solution, and biofilm formation on contact lens/lens cases was proposed to play a role in this outbreak.
Interaction of Candida Albicans with Adherent Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Increases C. Albicans Biofilm Formation and Results in Differential Expression of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
Monocytes and macrophages are the cell types most commonly associated with the innate immune response against Candida albicans infection. Interactions between the host immune system and Candida organisms have been investigated for planktonic Candida cells, but no studies have addressed these interactions in a biofilm environment.
Mechanism of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida Albicans Biofilms: Phase-specific Role of Efflux Pumps and Membrane Sterols
Candida albicans biofilms are formed through three distinct developmental phases and are associated with high fluconazole (FLU) resistance. In the present study, we used a set of isogenic Candida strains lacking one or more of the drug efflux pumps Cdr1p, Cdr2p, and Mdr1p to determine their role in FLU resistance of biofilms. Additionally, variation in sterol profile as a possible mechanism of drug resistance was investigated.
Biofilm Formation by the Fungal Pathogen Candida Albicans: Development, Architecture, and Drug Resistance
Biofilms are a protected niche for microorganisms, where they are safe from antibiotic treatment and can create a source of persistent infection. Using two clinically relevant Candida albicans biofilm models formed on bioprosthetic materials, we demonstrated that biofilm formation proceeds through three distinct developmental phases.